Nystagmus is involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes, which can be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. It may be present from early infancy or acquired later in life.
Types and symptoms
Impact on vision varies widely.
- Infantile nystagmus often associated with retinal or optic nerve disease, albinism, or idiopathic causes
- Acquired nystagmus linked to neurological disorders, vestibular problems, or medications
- Oscillopsia sensation of the world moving in some acquired forms
- Patients may adopt a head turn or tilt toward a “null point” where movements are minimal
Management
Treatment aims to optimise vision and reduce symptoms.
- Correction of refractive errors and use of contact lenses in some cases
- Prisms, medications such as gabapentin or memantine, or surgery to shift the null point
- Investigation for underlying ocular or neurological causes, especially in acquired nystagmus
- Low-vision support and educational accommodations for affected children
