Keratoconus is diagnosed using a combination of clinical examination and advanced corneal imaging. Early detection is important because treatment is most effective before the condition becomes advanced.
Clinical Assessment
An eye specialist will check visual acuity, refraction, and examine the cornea at the slit lamp for signs such as thinning or irregular reflection. A history of frequent prescription changes or significant astigmatism raises suspicion.
- Visual acuity and refraction testing
- Slit-lamp assessment of corneal clarity and shape
- Review of family history and eye rubbing habits
Specialist Imaging
Corneal topography and tomography create detailed maps of the corneal shape and elevation, revealing subtle cone formation. Pachymetry measures corneal thickness and helps grade severity.
Screening
For patients at higher risk, the Keratoconus Screening Score and epithelial mapping provide sensitive early detection; these are described in the article keratoconus screening score.
