Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to raised eye pressure. Without treatment it can slowly steal side vision, sometimes without early warning.
What happens in glaucoma
Fluid inside the eye normally drains through tiny channels. In glaucoma, this drainage is reduced, so pressure can build up and harm the optic nerve over time.
- Open-angle glaucoma develops gradually and is usually painless.
- Angle-closure glaucoma can cause sudden pain, redness, and blurred vision.
- Family history, age, and high pressure increase risk.
- Damage often starts in peripheral vision, so central sight seems normal initially.
- Regular eye checks are vital, especially from mid-life onwards.
Treatment and living well
Although glaucoma damage cannot be reversed, early treatment can protect remaining vision. Most people manage the condition well with drops, laser, or surgery.
- Pressure-lowering drops are often the first treatment and must be used regularly.
- Laser procedures can improve drainage in suitable cases.
- Surgery such as trabeculectomy or tubes may be needed for advanced disease.
- Keeping appointments allows careful monitoring of fields and nerve health.
- Inform relatives, as they may benefit from earlier screening.
