An epiretinal membrane is a thin layer of scar tissue that forms on the surface of the macula. It can gently wrinkle the retina, causing blurred or distorted central vision.
How ERM develops
Cells grow on the macular surface after age-related changes, minor retinal damage, or surgery. As the membrane contracts, straight lines may look wavy and reading becomes harder.
- Many ERMs are mild and picked up during routine eye examinations.
- Common symptoms include distortion, reduced detail, and difficulty reading small print.
- Usually only one eye is affected at first, so it may be missed.
- OCT scans show the membrane and any macular thickening clearly.
- Monitoring is often enough if vision remains good.
Treatment options and expectations
Surgery is considered when distortion or blur interfere with daily life. Removing the membrane can improve clarity, but results vary between individuals.
- Vitrectomy with membrane peel is performed under local or general anaesthetic.
- Vision often improves gradually over months rather than days.
- Glasses may still be needed afterwards, especially for reading.
- Complications such as cataract or recurrence are possible but carefully monitored.
- Discuss risks, benefits, and realistic goals with your specialist.
