What is Episcleritis? Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
- Posted
- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: February 26, 2025
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic on London’s prestigious Harley Street, we often encounter patients with various eye conditions, including episcleritis. This relatively common eye disorder, while typically benign, can cause discomfort and concern for those experiencing it. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what episcleritis is, its causes, symptoms, and the most effective treatments available.
Understanding Episcleritis
Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition that affects the episclera, the thin layer of tissue between the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white of the eye) and the sclera (the white, outer layer of the eyeball). This condition is characterised by redness, mild discomfort, and occasionally, slight swelling in one or both eyes.
Types of Episcleritis
There are two main types of episcleritis:
- Simple episcleritis: The most common form, appearing as a localised area of redness in the eye.
- Nodular episcleritis: Characterised by a small, raised area of inflammation on the eye’s surface.
Episcleritis Causes
Understanding what causes episcleritis is crucial for effective management and treatment. While the exact cause isn’t always clear, several factors have been associated with the development of this condition:
Autoimmune Disorders
Episcleritis can be linked to various autoimmune conditions, including:
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Lupus
- Inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Vasculitis
Infections
In some cases, episcleritis may be triggered by viral or bacterial infections.
Environmental Factors
Exposure to irritants or allergens can sometimes lead to episcleritis in susceptible individuals.
Idiopathic Cases
In many instances, the cause of episcleritis remains unknown (idiopathic), with the condition resolving on its own without any clear trigger identified.
Recognising Episcleritis Symptoms
Early recognition of episcleritis symptoms is key to prompt treatment and relief. The most common signs and symptoms include:
- Redness: A localised or diffuse area of redness in one or both eyes, often described as a “salmon pink” colour.
- Mild discomfort: A feeling of irritation or grittiness in the affected eye.
- Slight tenderness: The eye may be mildly tender to touch.
- Watery eyes: Increased tearing may occur.
- Photophobia: Some patients may experience mild sensitivity to light.
It’s important to note that episcleritis typically does not cause significant pain, vision changes, or discharge from the eye. If you experience these symptoms, it may indicate a more serious condition, and you should seek immediate medical attention.
Diagnosing Episcleritis
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, our expert ophthalmologists use various methods to diagnose episcleritis:
- Comprehensive eye examination: Using a slit lamp to examine the eye’s structures in detail.
- Medical history review: To identify any underlying conditions or potential triggers.
- Differential diagnosis: To rule out more serious conditions like scleritis or uveitis.
Early and accurate diagnosis is key to ensuring appropriate treatment and preventing complications.
Episcleritis Treatment Options
The goal of episcleritis treatment is to reduce inflammation, alleviate discomfort, and prevent recurrence. At our Harley Street clinic, we offer a range of treatment options tailored to each patient’s needs:
Conservative Management
For mild cases of episcleritis, conservative management may be sufficient:
- Artificial tears: To lubricate the eye and provide comfort.
- Cold compresses: To reduce inflammation and soothe the eye.
- Observation: Many cases of episcleritis resolve on their own within a few weeks.
Topical Medications
If conservative measures are insufficient, topical medications may be prescribed:
- Lubricating eye drops: To alleviate discomfort and reduce friction on the eye’s surface.
- Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): To reduce inflammation and discomfort.
- Topical corticosteroids: For more severe cases or when NSAIDs are ineffective. These are used cautiously and under close supervision due to potential side effects.
Oral Medications
In some cases, particularly when episcleritis is associated with an underlying systemic condition, oral medications may be necessary:
- Oral NSAIDs: To reduce inflammation throughout the body.
- Oral corticosteroids: Reserved for severe or recurrent cases.
Treatment of Underlying Conditions
If episcleritis is linked to an underlying autoimmune or systemic condition, treating that condition is crucial for managing episcleritis and preventing recurrences.
Preventing Recurrence
While not all cases of episcleritis can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of recurrence:
- Regular eye check-ups: To monitor eye health and catch any issues early.
- Manage underlying conditions: If you have an associated autoimmune disorder, proper management can help prevent episcleritis flare-ups.
- Protect your eyes: Wear protective eyewear when exposed to potential irritants.
- Maintain good eye hygiene: Keep your eyes clean and avoid rubbing them.
Living with Episcleritis
For most patients, episcleritis is a self-limiting condition that resolves within a few weeks. However, some individuals may experience recurrent episodes. It’s important to:
- Follow your treatment plan diligently
- Attend follow-up appointments as scheduled
- Report any changes in symptoms promptly
- Be aware of potential triggers and try to avoid them
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® for Episcleritis Care?
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic on Harley Street, London, we offer:
- Expert diagnosis: Our experienced ophthalmologists use state-of-the-art technology for accurate diagnosis.
- Personalised treatment plans: We tailor our approach to each patient’s unique needs.
- Comprehensive care: We address not just the symptoms but also any underlying causes.
- Advanced treatments: Access to the latest therapies and treatment modalities.
- Ongoing support: Regular follow-ups and support to manage your condition effectively.
Conclusion
Episcleritis, while often benign, can be a source of discomfort and concern for those experiencing it. Understanding the causes, recognising the symptoms, and seeking timely treatment are crucial steps in managing this condition effectively. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we’re committed to providing the highest standard of care for patients with episcleritis and other eye conditions.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of episcleritis or have concerns about your eye health, don’t hesitate to contact our Harley Street clinic. Our team of expert ophthalmologists is here to provide the care and support you need to maintain healthy vision.
Remember, when it comes to your eye health, early intervention is key. Trust the experts at Blue Fin Vision® to provide comprehensive, compassionate care for all your eye health needs.
