Inherited retinal diseases are genetic conditions that affect how the retina works. They can cause night blindness, reduced side vision, or central sight loss, often starting in childhood or early adult life.
Types and symptoms
Different gene changes lead to a wide range of patterns. Symptoms and progression vary between families.
- Retinitis pigmentosa typically causes night blindness and tunnel vision.
- Stargardt disease mainly affects central vision in younger people.
- Some conditions affect both hearing and vision.
- Family history is common but new mutations can also occur.
- Genetic testing helps clarify the exact diagnosis.
Support and emerging treatments
There is increasing research into gene and stem cell therapies. For now, care focuses on maximising remaining sight and providing family guidance.
- Regular specialist reviews track progression and protect general eye health.
- Low-vision services offer magnifiers, technology, and mobility training.
- Genetic counselling helps relatives understand their own risks.
- Some patients may join clinical trials for emerging treatments.
- Emotional and practical support can make daily life easier.
