Macular oedema is swelling of the central retina, where detailed vision is formed. Fluid leaks from weak blood vessels and collects in the macula, causing blur and distortion.
Causes of macular oedema
Many eye conditions can lead to macular fluid. Identifying the cause guides safe and effective treatment.
- Diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion are common triggers.
- Inflammation such as uveitis can also cause leakage.
- Eye surgery, including cataract procedures, sometimes leads to temporary swelling.
- OCT scans show pockets of fluid and help track response to treatment.
- Both eyes may be affected, often to different degrees.
Treatment and vision outlook
Treatment aims to dry the macula and protect reading and driving vision. Many patients experience meaningful improvement with modern therapies.
- Anti-VEGF injections reduce leakage from abnormal vessels.
- Steroid drops, injections, or implants are used for inflammatory causes.
- Good diabetes and blood pressure control support long-term stability.
- Regular monitoring detects recurrence early.
- Even with some permanent damage, magnifiers and lighting can aid daily tasks.
