Retinal vein occlusion happens when a vein draining blood from the retina becomes blocked. This blockage causes swelling and bleeding that can blur or distort central and peripheral vision.
Why the vein becomes blocked
Blood flow slows or clots within the retinal vein, similar to a deep vein thrombosis in the leg. This is more likely with certain general health conditions.
- High blood pressure, diabetes, and glaucoma increase risk.
- Smoking and raised cholesterol also contribute.
- Blockage may affect the central vein or a smaller branch.
- Vision loss is usually sudden and painless.
- Eye examination and OCT scans confirm the diagnosis and extent.
Treatment and long-term care
Treatment focuses on reducing macular swelling and preventing complications. Managing general health is just as important as eye therapy.
- Anti-VEGF or steroid injections help clear macular oedema.
- Laser treatment may reduce risk of abnormal new vessels.
- Regular follow-up checks for pressure changes and new bleeding.
- Blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol control lower future risk.
- Report any sudden new blur or dark patches promptly.
