A retinal tear is a small rip in the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. It can lead to retinal detachment if untreated, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital.
Why retinal tears occur
Most tears happen when the ageing vitreous gel pulls strongly on the retina. This is often linked with posterior vitreous detachment but can also follow trauma.
- Short-sighted eyes are at higher risk because they are longer and the retina is thinner.
- Previous retinal tears or detachments increase the chance of further problems.
- Tears can occur after eye injury or surgery.
- Symptoms include sudden floaters, flashes, or a shower of black spots.
- Some tears cause no symptoms and are found during routine checks.
Treatment and urgent signs
Sealing a tear early can prevent retinal detachment. Treatment is usually quick and done with laser or freezing therapy under local anaesthetic.
- Laser creates small burns that form a scar around the tear.
- Cryotherapy uses cold to achieve a similar sealing effect.
- Most patients go home the same day and can resume gentle activities soon.
- Seek emergency care if you notice a dark curtain, side vision loss, or sudden blur.
- Regular follow-up monitors for new tears or changes in the other eye.
