PKP, or penetrating keratoplasty, is a full-thickness corneal transplant. The entire central cornea is replaced with donor tissue when damage affects all layers.
How PKP is carried out
The surgeon removes a circular button of the patient’s cornea using a trephine. A matching donor corneal button is then sutured into the opening.
- Fine stitches hold the graft securely, often for 12-18 months
- Topical steroid and antibiotic drops are used for many months
- Astigmatism after suture removal may require glasses or lenses
- Protective eyewear is advised to prevent injury to the graft
Indications and outcomes
PKP remains valuable for severe scarring, thinning, or previously failed grafts. Recovery takes time but can significantly improve vision.
- Rejection risk is higher than with some partial-thickness techniques
- Regular monitoring identifies early rejection signs such as redness or blur
- Repeat grafts are sometimes needed if failure occurs
- Good long-term care helps many grafts remain clear for years
