Because glaucoma can run in families, structured screening for relatives helps pick up disease early. Recommendations vary with glaucoma type, age, and overall risk.
Who Is at Higher Genetic Risk?
Family patterns and age of onset guide concern.
- First‑degree relatives of people with primary open‑angle, normal‑tension, or angle‑closure glaucoma have increased risk.
- Early‑onset, severe, or bilateral glaucoma suggests a stronger genetic component.
- Some families carry identifiable gene variants, particularly in juvenile or congenital glaucoma.
- Genetic testing may be considered in specialised settings but is not yet routine for most adult glaucomas.
Screening Recommendations
Regular eye checks tailored to risk are key.
- Relatives of affected patients are often advised to have a baseline exam from their 30s or earlier if the index case was young.
- Follow‑up intervals may range from every 1-3 years depending on findings and overall risk profile.
- Screening should include intraocular pressure, optic nerve assessment, OCT where available, and visual fields.
- Clear communication within families about glaucoma diagnosis encourages relatives to seek timely assessment.
