Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease that can involve almost any ocular structure, most commonly causing uveitis.
Ocular Presentations
Anterior, intermediate, or posterior uveitis may occur, often with granulomatous keratic precipitates, vitritis, or choroidal lesions.
- Lacrimal gland involvement can lead to dry eye and lid swelling.
- Orbital or optic nerve sarcoid can produce proptosis or optic neuropathy.
- Conjunctival nodules and retinal vasculitis are additional manifestations.
- Many patients have concurrent systemic features such as pulmonary disease.
Diagnosis and Management
Work‑up includes ocular examination plus systemic investigations such as chest imaging, serum ACE, and tissue biopsy where feasible.
- Treatment uses topical, periocular, or systemic steroids, often with steroid‑sparing immunosuppressants for chronic disease.
- Long‑term follow‑up is needed to monitor for relapse and steroid‑related complications.
- Multidisciplinary care with respiratory or rheumatology teams improves overall control.
- Early recognition of ocular involvement helps prevent permanent structural damage.
