Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body at the front of the eye, often presenting with a painful red eye, light sensitivity, and blurred vision.
Causes and Signs
It may occur in isolation or be associated with systemic conditions such as HLA‑B27-related arthritis, sarcoidosis, or infections.
- Clinical features include ciliary flush, cells and flare in the anterior chamber, and small, sluggish pupils.
- Keratic precipitates may be visible on the back of the cornea.
- In severe cases, fibrin, hypopyon, or posterior synechiae can develop.
- Recurrent episodes are common in some patients.
Treatment
Management centres on intensive topical corticosteroids and cycloplegic drops, with systemic investigation guided by history and examination.
- Steroid frequency is tapered gradually according to response to avoid rebound inflammation.
- Recurrent or severe disease may need systemic immunomodulatory therapy in collaboration with rheumatology.
- Complications include cataract, glaucoma, and macular oedema, so regular monitoring is essential.
- Early treatment of flares improves comfort and visual prognosis.
