In age‑related macular degeneration, CNV represents the “wet” or neovascular form of the disease, in which abnormal choroidal vessels grow under the macula and quickly threaten central vision. This form accounts for most severe AMD‑related sight loss despite being less common than dry AMD.
Clinical Presentation
Patients often report sudden distortion of straight lines, difficulty reading, or a dark or missing spot in the centre of vision.
- OCT shows subretinal or intraretinal fluid, and sometimes pigment epithelial detachment.
- Fluorescein angiography identifies leakage patterns typical of neovascular AMD.
- Both eyes are at increased risk once CNV develops in one eye.
- Self‑monitoring with an Amsler grid can help detect early change.
Management
Prompt intravitreal anti‑VEGF therapy is crucial to limit scarring and preserve as much vision as possible.
- Initial monthly injections are commonly followed by “treat‑and‑extend” or “as‑needed” regimens.
- Regular OCT scans guide treatment intervals.
- Lifestyle measures such as smoking cessation and cardiovascular risk control remain important.
- Low‑vision support can help those with established central damage.
