Photoreceptor replacement aims to restore sight by replacing lost rod and cone cells in the retina with new, functioning photoreceptors. It is an area of regenerative medicine under active research.
Approaches
Strategies include transplanting photoreceptor precursor cells derived from stem cells or donor tissue, and reprogramming existing retinal cells to adopt photoreceptor‑like functions. The goal is for new cells to integrate, form synapses, and respond to light.
- Most work remains in preclinical or early clinical trial stages
- Key challenges are cell survival, correct wiring, and immune tolerance
- Gene editing may be combined to correct underlying mutations
- Different diseases may require tailored cell types and delivery methods
Future Potential
If successful, photoreceptor replacement could offer more natural vision than electronic prostheses for some degenerative conditions. However, widespread clinical use is likely years away.
- Patients may be eligible for trials at specialised research centres
- Long‑term safety and durability must be demonstrated
- Adjunct therapies such as gene or neuroprotective treatments may enhance outcomes
- Current standard care still relies on low‑vision support and management of complications
