Amniotic membrane transplantation uses preserved tissue from the innermost layer of the placenta to aid healing on the eye surface. The membrane has anti‑inflammatory and anti‑scarring properties.
How It Is Used
The surgeon places the amniotic membrane over or under the conjunctiva or cornea, securing it with sutures or glue. It can act as a temporary biological bandage or as a graft that becomes incorporated into the surface.
- Indications include persistent epithelial defects, chemical injuries, pterygium surgery, and severe dry eye
- Tissue is obtained from screened donors and processed by specialist eye banks
- Orientation of the membrane (basement membrane side) is important for function
- May be combined with limbal stem cell or conjunctival graft procedures
Benefits and Follow-Up
Amniotic membrane can reduce pain, promote epithelial regrowth, and limit scarring. The membrane may gradually dissolve or be removed once healing is adequate.
- Topical antibiotics and steroids are commonly prescribed post‑operatively
- Temporary blurred vision is expected when the membrane covers the cornea
- Multiple applications may be needed in severe disease
- Regular review monitors surface stability and underlying condition
