Eyelid twitching, or myokymia, is a brief, repetitive spasm of the lid muscles. It is usually harmless and self‑limiting.
Triggers
Stress, fatigue, excess caffeine, prolonged screen use, and eye strain commonly precipitate twitching. Dry eye, irritation, and recent eye surgery can also increase muscle excitability.
- Myokymia typically affects one eye and does not close the lid completely
- Episodes may last days or weeks then settle spontaneously
- More forceful spasms involving both eyes and face suggest blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm
- Neurological disease is rare but considered if twitching is persistent or widespread
Management
Reducing stress and caffeine, improving sleep, and addressing dryness or strain usually help. Persistent, disabling, or spreading twitching should be assessed by an eye or neurological specialist.
- Reassurance is often appropriate once serious causes are excluded
- Botulinum toxin injections may be used for true blepharospasm
- Recording triggers and duration assists diagnosis
- Seek urgent care if twitching is accompanied by facial weakness or other neurological signs
