Retinal problems encompass a wide range of disorders affecting the light‑sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Causes include vascular, degenerative, inflammatory, genetic, and traumatic factors.
Major Categories
Common retinal diseases include diabetic retinopathy, age‑related macular degeneration, retinal vein and artery occlusions, retinal detachment, inherited dystrophies, and inflammatory conditions such as uveitis or retinitis. High myopia and trauma increase susceptibility to tears and detachments.
- Symptoms range from floaters, flashes, and shadows to distortion and central or peripheral vision loss
- Some conditions progress silently and are detected only on screening
- Systemic diseases like diabetes and hypertension are key risk factors
- Medications and infections can also damage the retina
Significance
Many retinal problems are sight‑threatening but treatable if detected early. Management may involve laser therapy, intravitreal injections, systemic treatment, or vitreoretinal surgery.
- Any sudden change in vision, new floaters, or a curtain effect requires urgent review
- Regular screening for at‑risk groups, such as people with diabetes, is essential
- Controlling systemic risk factors supports retinal health
- Rehabilitation services assist patients with irreversible retinal damage
