Tunnel vision describes marked constriction of the visual field so that only central vision remains. It can result from ocular or neurological disease.
Ocular and Neurological Origins
Advanced glaucoma and inherited retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa are common ocular causes. Neurological conditions, including occipital lobe damage and some functional disorders, may also create concentric field loss.
- Symptoms include difficulty navigating, tripping, or problems with night vision
- Progressive tunnel vision from glaucoma is often painless and initially unnoticed
- Sudden onset requires evaluation for neurological events
- Non‑organic or functional visual loss can mimic tunnel vision and needs specialist assessment
Clinical Management
Visual field testing defines the extent and pattern of loss, guiding diagnosis and monitoring. Early glaucoma detection and treatment can prevent or limit tunnel vision.
- Low‑vision rehabilitation and orientation training help maintain independence
- Patients may need driving assessments and advice on safety
- Systemic investigation is warranted when neurological causes are suspected
- Family screening may be appropriate in inherited retinal disease
