Optic nerve imaging encompasses techniques that capture structural details of the optic nerve head and surrounding nerve fibre layers. It is particularly important in diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma and optic neuropathies.
Methods
Optical coherence tomography measures thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex, while fundus photography documents disc appearance. Some systems provide three-dimensional reconstructions and quantitative analyses.
- Non-contact and usually performed with dilated or naturally large pupils
- Allows objective measurement of nerve fibre loss over time
- Disc haemorrhages and rim changes can be recorded photographically
- Normative databases help compare individual results with healthy ranges
Clinical Uses
Regular optic nerve imaging helps detect early glaucomatous damage before significant visual field loss occurs. It also aids assessment of optic neuritis, compressive lesions, and other causes of optic nerve swelling or pallor.
- Serial scans reveal progression or stability of disease
- Imaging results are interpreted alongside pressure readings and field tests
- Quality control and correct alignment are vital for reliable follow-up
- Findings inform treatment intensity and follow-up intervals
