Microcornea is a developmental condition in which the corneal diameter is smaller than normal while the size of the eye may be otherwise near normal. It can occur in isolation or as part of broader ocular or systemic syndromes.
Features
The horizontal corneal diameter is typically below standard age-related values, and refractive errors such as hyperopia or astigmatism may be present. Other anterior or posterior segment abnormalities can coexist, depending on the underlying cause.
- May be unilateral or bilateral
- Sometimes associated with shallow anterior chamber and angle anomalies
- Visual acuity varies with associated structural changes
- Family history or syndromic features may point to genetic origins
Management
Management depends on associated findings and focuses on optimising refractive correction and monitoring for complications. In some cases, there is an increased risk of angle-closure glaucoma or other structural problems.
- Regular eye examinations assess intraocular pressure and optic nerve status
- Children require timely correction of refractive errors to support visual development
- Systemic evaluation may be indicated if syndromic features are present
- Genetic counselling can be considered when familial patterns are suspected
