Bell’s palsy is a sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face due to dysfunction of the facial nerve. It typically causes drooping of the brow and mouth and difficulty closing the eye on the affected side.
Symptoms
Onset is usually acute over hours, sometimes noticed on waking. People may experience altered taste, sensitivity to loud sounds, and pain behind the ear in addition to facial drooping. The eye may not close fully, leading to dryness and exposure of the cornea.
- Facial weakness involves the forehead as well as lower facial muscles
- Most cases are idiopathic, though viral inflammation is suspected
- Symptoms usually peak within a few days
- Recovery often occurs over weeks to months, with variable residual weakness
Eye Protection and Management
Management focuses on protecting the eye from drying and injury, alongside systemic treatment such as oral corticosteroids when appropriate. Lubricating drops, ointment, and taping or shielding the eyelid overnight are commonly used while nerve function recovers.
- Early assessment helps distinguish Bell’s palsy from other causes of facial paralysis
- Some individuals may benefit from antiviral therapy, depending on clinical judgement
- Physiotherapy and facial exercises can support recovery of muscle function
- Persistent weakness or synkinesis may require longer-term rehabilitation or procedures
