Cortical visual impairment is a form of visual dysfunction caused by damage or abnormal development in the visual areas of the brain rather than a primary problem in the eyes themselves. The eyes and optic nerves may appear structurally normal, but processing of visual signals is impaired.
Features
People with cortical visual impairment can have variable and sometimes fluctuating responses to visual stimuli. They may see some things better than others, for example preferring movement or high-contrast objects, and vision can be affected by fatigue, noise, or changes in environment.
- Often associated with a history of brain injury, prematurity, or neurological conditions
- Visual acuity can be difficult to measure using standard charts
- Other senses, such as touch and hearing, may be used to compensate
- Children may show delayed visual development and unusual visual behaviours
Assessment and Management
Diagnosis is based on clinical history, neurological findings, and careful observation of visual responses, often in collaboration with paediatric and neurology teams. Management focuses on maximising functional vision through environmental adaptations, visual stimulation, and tailored educational support.
- Structured assessments help distinguish cortical visual impairment from eye-based disorders
- Early intervention can support visual and developmental progress
- Consistent lighting, contrast, and positioning improve visual access
- Regular review is important, as visual abilities may evolve over time
