Congenital cataracts are lens opacities present at birth or developing in early childhood. Some are hereditary, while others arise from developmental problems, metabolic diseases, or infections during pregnancy.
Genetic Factors
Many congenital cataracts follow autosomal dominant inheritance, meaning a child has a significant chance of being affected if one parent carries the relevant gene. Other patterns and sporadic cases also occur.
- Family history increases the likelihood of hereditary cataract
- Genetic testing may be considered in selected cases
- Some cataracts form part of a wider syndrome
Non-Genetic Causes
Maternal infections, metabolic disorders, and certain drugs taken during pregnancy can contribute to congenital lens changes. Careful paediatric and genetic assessment helps clarify the underlying cause.
Management
Significant congenital cataracts are usually treated surgically to allow normal visual development, often followed by glasses or contact lenses. General information on adult surgery is available on the cataract surgery page, though paediatric care is more specialised.
