---
title: What is PKP (penetrating keratoplasty)?
description: "PKP, or penetrating keratoplasty, is a full-thickness corneal transplant. The entire central cornea is replaced with donor tissue when damage affects all layers. ## How PKP is carried out The surgeon removes a circular button of the patient's cornea using…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/treatments-procedures/what-is-pkp-penetrating-keratoplasty/"
updated: "2025-12-16"
category: "Treatments & Procedures"
---

# What is PKP (penetrating keratoplasty)?

PKP, or penetrating keratoplasty, is a full-thickness corneal transplant. The entire central cornea is replaced with donor tissue when damage affects all layers.

## How PKP is carried out

The surgeon removes a circular button of the patient's cornea using a trephine. A matching donor corneal button is then sutured into the opening.

- Fine stitches hold the graft securely, often for 12-18 months
- Topical steroid and antibiotic drops are used for many months
- Astigmatism after suture removal may require glasses or lenses
- Protective eyewear is advised to prevent injury to the graft

## Indications and outcomes

PKP remains valuable for severe scarring, thinning, or previously failed grafts. Recovery takes time but can significantly improve vision.

- Rejection risk is higher than with some partial-thickness techniques
- Regular monitoring identifies early rejection signs such as redness or blur
- Repeat grafts are sometimes needed if failure occurs
- Good long-term care helps many grafts remain clear for years