---
title: What is penetrating keratoplasty (PKP)?
description: "Penetrating keratoplasty PKP is a full-thickness corneal transplant in which the entire central cornea is replaced with donor tissue. ## How PKP is carried out A circular section of the patient's cornea is removed, then a matching donor button is…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/treatments-procedures/what-is-penetrating-keratoplasty-pkp/"
updated: "2025-12-31"
category: "Treatments & Procedures"
---

# What is penetrating keratoplasty (PKP)?

Penetrating keratoplasty PKP is a full-thickness corneal transplant in which the entire central cornea is replaced with donor tissue.

## How PKP is carried out

A circular section of the patient's cornea is removed, then a matching donor button is stitched into place with fine sutures. This replaces all layers, including the endothelium.

- Used when disease involves the entire corneal thickness
- Indications include advanced keratoconus, scars, dystrophies, or failed previous grafts
- Sutures remain for many months, sometimes years
- Vision gradually improves as healing and suture adjustment progress

## Risks and long-term care

PKP has a long track record but carries rejection and trauma risks. Lifelong monitoring is important.

- Rejection episodes may cause redness, pain, or sudden blur
- Protective eyewear is recommended to reduce injury risk
- Astigmatism may require glasses, contact lenses, or further procedures
- Regular follow-up helps maintain graft clarity and eye pressure control