---
title: How is AMD diagnosed and monitored?
description: "Age‑related macular degeneration is diagnosed by clinical examination of the macula supported by retinal imaging. ## Initial Assessment Visual acuity, Amsler grid testing, and dilated fundus examination reveal drusen, pigment changes, or signs of neovascularisation. - Dry AMD shows drusen…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/diagnostics-testing/how-is-amd-diagnosed-and-monitored/"
updated: "2025-12-15"
category: "Diagnostics & Testing"
---

# How is AMD diagnosed and monitored?

Age‑related macular degeneration is diagnosed by clinical examination of the macula supported by retinal imaging.

## Initial Assessment

Visual acuity, Amsler grid testing, and dilated fundus examination reveal drusen, pigment changes, or signs of neovascularisation.

- Dry AMD shows drusen and atrophy without fluid.
- Wet AMD exhibits subretinal or intraretinal fluid, haemorrhage, or greyish membranes.
- Risk factors such as smoking history and family history are documented.
- Both eyes are evaluated carefully, even if only one is symptomatic.

## Imaging and Follow-Up

OCT provides cross‑sectional views of the macula, essential for detecting and monitoring fluid and atrophy.

- Fluorescein or OCT angiography helps confirm and classify choroidal neovascularisation.
- Patients receiving anti‑VEGF injections are reviewed regularly with repeated OCT scans to guide treatment intervals.
- Self‑monitoring with an Amsler grid or home devices can pick up early changes between visits.
- Long‑term monitoring continues even in advanced disease to manage complications and support low‑vision needs.