---
title: What is neovascular glaucoma?
description: "Neovascular glaucoma is a severe form of secondary glaucoma in which abnormal new blood vessels grow over the iris and drainage angle, blocking fluid outflow and causing very high eye pressure. ## Underlying Conditions It usually develops in eyes with…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/conditions-diseases/what-is-neovascular-glaucoma/"
updated: "2025-12-15"
category: "Conditions & Diseases"
---

# What is neovascular glaucoma?

Neovascular glaucoma is a severe form of secondary glaucoma in which abnormal new blood vessels grow over the iris and drainage angle, blocking fluid outflow and causing very high eye pressure.

## Underlying Conditions

It usually develops in eyes with extensive retinal ischaemia, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy or central retinal vein occlusion, where the eye releases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

- New vessels can initially present as rubeosis iridis (fine vessels on the iris surface).
- As membranes contract, the angle closes and pressure can rise rapidly.
- Symptoms include pain, redness, blurred vision, and headache in advanced stages.
- Left untreated, it often leads to profound sight loss and a painful eye.

## Treatment

Management focuses on regressing neovascularisation and controlling pressure using anti‑VEGF injections, panretinal photocoagulation, and pressure‑lowering medications or surgery.

- Early anti‑VEGF can quickly reduce iris and angle vessels, facilitating further treatment.
- Glaucoma surgery (tubes, trabeculectomy, or cyclodiode) is often required for pressure control.
- Systemic risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension must be optimised.
- Prognosis depends on how early the condition is detected and treated.