---
title: What causes keratoconus?
description: "The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The corneal tissue becomes mechanically weaker, allowing it to thin and bulge forwards. ## Risk factors and…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/conditions-diseases/what-causes-keratoconus/"
updated: "2025-12-11"
category: "Conditions & Diseases"
---

# What causes keratoconus?

The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The corneal tissue becomes mechanically weaker, allowing it to thin and bulge forwards.

## Risk factors and contributors

Frequent eye rubbing, allergy or atopy and a family history of keratoconus all appear to increase risk. Certain systemic conditions and connective tissue disorders are also reported more often in people with keratoconus.

- Stopping eye rubbing is strongly advised in anyone with keratoconus
- Managing allergy and dry eye can help reduce irritation
- Relatives may be offered corneal topography screening
- Progression is monitored so that cross-linking can be offered at the right time

## Further information

Assessment and monitoring are usually carried out in corneal and [laser eye surgery](https://bluefinvision.com/laser-eye-surgery/) clinics at Blue Fin Vision®. Causes, risk factors and modern treatments are discussed in [keratoconus treatment: advanced solutions for a complex eye condition](https://bluefinvision.com/blog/keratoconus-treatment-advanced-solutions-for-a-complex-eye-condition/).