---
title: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
description: "Retinal vein occlusion is a blockage of the retinal venous system, leading to haemorrhages, swelling, and reduced vision. It is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. ## Types and risk factors Location of the blockage affects…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/conditions-diseases/retinal-vein-occlusion-rvo/"
updated: "2025-12-17"
category: "Conditions & Diseases"
---

# Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)

Retinal vein occlusion is a blockage of the retinal venous system, leading to haemorrhages, swelling, and reduced vision. It is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy.

## Types and risk factors

Location of the blockage affects presentation.

- Central retinal vein occlusion CRVO versus branch retinal vein occlusion BRVO
- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, and cardiovascular disease
- Sudden, painless visual loss or blur in the affected eye
- OCT shows macular oedema; fluorescein angiography assesses perfusion

## Treatment

Therapy targets macular oedema and neovascular complications.

- Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are first-line for macular oedema
- Intravitreal steroids in selected cases
- Laser photocoagulation for ischaemic areas or neovascularisation
- Management of systemic vascular risk factors with the GP or physician