---
title: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis 
description: "CMV retinitis is a sight-threatening viral infection of the retina, most often seen in people with severe immune suppression. It can cause progressive retinal necrosis and detachment if untreated. ## Symptoms and risk groups The condition is particularly associated with…"
url: "https://bluefinvision.com/knowledge-base/topics/conditions-diseases/cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis/"
updated: "2025-12-16"
category: "Conditions & Diseases"
---

# Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis 

CMV retinitis is a sight-threatening viral infection of the retina, most often seen in people with severe immune suppression. It can cause progressive retinal necrosis and detachment if untreated.

## Symptoms and risk groups

The condition is particularly associated with advanced HIV infection and some transplant or chemotherapy patients.

- Floaters, blurred vision, or scotomas that slowly expand
- Minimal pain but extensive retinal whitening and haemorrhages on examination
- Often asymptomatic until damage is advanced if peripheral
- Requires coordination between ophthalmology and infectious disease teams

## Treatment

Prompt antiviral therapy is essential to limit damage.

- Intravenous or oral ganciclovir, valganciclovir, or related agents
- Intravitreal antiviral injections in some cases
- Restoration or optimisation of immune function, for example antiretroviral therapy
- Regular follow-up to monitor for progression, relapse, or detachment